The European mink is currently listed as critically endangered by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) due to a rapid decline in its population in recent decades. The main reasons for its decline are habitat loss, pollution, hunting, and competition with the non-native American mink, which was introduced to Europe for fur farming.

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The American mink (Neovison vison) was introduced to Spain and other parts of Europe for fur farming in the mid-20th century. American mink farming became popular in the 1960s and 1970s, and as a result, thousands of mink were imported to Europe from North America.